Surface measurement form tolerances

Maintain form and position tolerances 

Modern manufacturing increasingly requires tight tolerances — especially for functional and precision surfaces. Reliable verification of form tolerances (e.g., waviness and flatness) and position tolerances (e.g., parallelism and tilt) is essential to safeguard quality and ensure stable processes.

Form and position tolerances in precision components

When manufacturing components, increasingly tight production tolerances must be met — particularly on technical and functional precision surfaces. Manufacturers therefore need to verify form tolerances such as waviness or flatness, as well as position tolerances such as parallelism and tilt, with high accuracy. This ensures compliance with specifications and reliable delivery within defined timeframes.

In many cases, manufacturers inspect the complete surface topography of a component to verify compliance with form and position tolerances — for example in shock absorber components, other precision parts in the automotive and aerospace industries, or in fine mechanics.

High precision components need form and tolerance precision

Verifying form and position tolerances

White-light interferometry enables fast and highly precise analysis of ceramic components, imprints, security features, and even forensic evidence. Requirements for component warpage (e.g., printed circuit boards) also continue to increase as geometries shrink.

In addition, many applications involve challenging geometries: measurement surfaces may be located deep inside bores or show significant height differences between functional areas. Here, Polytec systems based on proven white-light interferometry deliver reliable results — even where other optical measurement methods reach their limits.

Injector with form measurement

Polytec white-light interferometers perform repeatable, non-destructive measurements with resolutions of only a few nanometers — and even sub-nanometer capability. Optical profilers are ideally suited for the precise determination of form parameters such as flatness and parallelism — supporting efficient verification and easy integration into inline inspection workflows for form and position tolerances.

Optical profilers for tolerance verification

Polytec provides optical systems for measuring the topography of large surfaces with nanometer-level vertical resolution. This high vertical resolution is independent of the field of view, enabling stable measurement results across different sample sizes and inspection setups. Typical measurement tasks include determining flatness, step height, roughness, parallelism, and other surface parameters required to comply with form and position tolerances.

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